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White dwarfs are dead stars like our Sun. Although they're no longer performing fusion in their cores, they're still hot and putting out radiation that could support life. A new paper calculates that a white dwarf could support planets in a new habitable zone for 7 billion years, providing the right temperature and radiation to support a biosphere. They're also small and dim, which makes it easier to study planets in orbit around them for potential biosignatures.
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Uranus and Neptune are "ice giants," containing chemicals like methane and ammonia, but compressed under intense pressure. This is just speculation from a couple of flybys with Voyager 2 and telescope observations. A new paper suggests that Uranus and Neptune have distinct layers, which don't easily mix and could explain their unusual magnetic fields. Below the cloud layers is a deep ocean of water and then a compressed fluid of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
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When the Vera Rubin Observatory comes online in a few months, it'll be the most effective asteroid and comet hunter ever built. And not just the homegrown variety, Rubin will discover interstellar objects like Oumuamua and Borisov passing through the Solar System. A new paper suggests the kinds of machine learning algorithms that will have the best chance of uncovering these fast-moving objects as they move through the field of view from night to night.
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There is no place you can go on Earth that hasn't been colonized by bacteria, from the bottom of the oceans to the cloud tops. And when Japanese researchers examined samples of Asteroid Ryugu from the Hayabusa2 mission, they realized the little devils had found a new home. Despite containment protocols, with the samples delivered in a hermetically sealed chamber, opened in airtight containers in nitrogen gas, in a negative pressure room, life found a way.
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You're looking at a fantastic new image of the Sombrero Galaxy captured by JWST. If you look carefully, you can see the clumpy, cloud-like outer ring made of gas and dust. At the center is an actively feeding supermassive black hole. Thousands of globular star clusters surround the galaxy. In Webb's infrared view, the thick outer ring seen by Hubble disappears, revealing the complex structure underneath that produces surprisingly few stars.
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Researchers working with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument have mapped nearly 6 million galaxies across 11 billion years of the Universe's history. In a new study, they explain that gravity at the largest scales behaves exactly as Einstein predicted it would with the general theory of relativity. These observations also limit the possible theories of modified gravity, which have been proposed to explain dark matter observations.
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Mars formed 4.5 billion years ago, roughly the same time as the Earth. We know that water was stable on Earth since about 4.3 billion years ago, but when was it present on Mars? Researchers investigated a meteorite that originated from Mars and found zircon crystals that date back to 4.45 billion years ago. They believe this could be the oldest evidence for water on Mars. And not just water, but hot water welling up from hydrothermal systems beneath the surface.
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One mystery in planetary science is a satisfying origin story for Mars's moons, Phobos and Deimos. Were they chunks of Mars blasted into space by a meteor impact? Were they captured asteroids from the belt? A new supercomputer simulation found that a reasonable explanation could come from a massive asteroid passing just close enough to Mars that it was torn into pieces. Over time, chunks and debris would have settled into a disk around Mars and clumped into moons.
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