Astronaut Don Pettit is Serious, He Rigged up Astrophotography Gear on the ISS

By Brian Koberlein - December 18, 2024 11:01 AM UTC | Space Exploration
Don Pettit is one of the astronauts currently on board the International Space Station. He's also a serious shutterbug and amateur astronomer. To take advantage of his current lofty perspective, he rigged up a special star tracking mount that he could use to take long-exposure astrophotos from the ISS. The homemade orbital sidereal tracker rotates at a 90-minute period to match the pitch rate of the ISS, allowing him to take 30-second exposures.
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Webb Weighs an Early Twin of the Milky Way

By Brian Koberlein - December 13, 2024 02:24 PM UTC | Extragalactic
Astronomers have used JWST to weigh a galaxy in the early Universe, finding that it has roughly the same mass as the Milky Way should have had at the same time in the Universe's history. The galaxy was seen in a gravitational lens and contains a collection of star clusters, so astronomers have nicknamed it the "Firefly Sparkle Galaxy." The galaxy also contains companion dwarf galaxies, similar to the Milky Way's Magellanic Clouds, which probably merged with it.
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Do the Fastest Spinning Pulsars Contain Quark Matter?

By Brian Koberlein - December 13, 2024 11:40 AM UTC | Stars
When a massive star dies as a supernova, it can leave behind a pulsar, a rapidly spinning neutron star. The fastest pulsars can spin upwards of 700 times a second, blasting out regular pulses of energy. In a new paper, researchers propose that the fastest-spinning pulsars could contain quark matter in their cores. This would be even denser matter than neutrons and help explain how surprisingly massive neutron stars can spin so rapidly, maybe reaching 1,000 Hz.
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Early Earth's Oceans of Magma Accelerated the Moon's Departure

By Brian Koberlein - December 12, 2024 10:50 AM UTC | Planetary Science
When the Earth was struck by a Mars-sized planet in its early history, it ejected a debris cloud that led to the formation of the Moon. In the beginning, the Moon was extremely close to the Earth, but then conservation of angular momentum led to the Moon drifting away from the Earth - it's still doing it today. Because the Earth was covered in oceans of magma, researchers think the Moon moved quickly away from the Earth, getting to 25 Earth radii within 100,000 years.
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Cosmology is at a Crossroads, But New Instruments are Coming to Help

By Brian Koberlein - December 05, 2024 11:48 AM UTC | Cosmology
Thanks to Hubble, JWST, and the Planck mission, we're starting to see cracks in the current ideas in cosmology, expressed by the Hubble Tension, the Cosmic Shear Tension, and the role dark energy plays in the expansion of the Universe over time. Good news: powerful new instruments are already surveying the Universe and should measure any deviations from the widely held cosmological models. It's a fun time to be an astronomer.
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MeerKAT Confirms the Gravitational Wave Background of the Universe in Record Time

By Brian Koberlein - December 04, 2024 02:42 PM UTC | Cosmology
Astronomers are collecting evidence for the gravitational wave background of the Universe, caused by merging supermassive black holes. Now, the MeerKAT radio telescope has confirmed the discovery first made by the NANOGrav experiment, but in a third of the time. For the last five years, MeerKAT has monitored dozens of millisecond pulsars once a week, detecting subtle changes in their radio emissions as gravitational waves flow by.
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Maybe Venus Was Never Habitable

By Brian Koberlein - December 04, 2024 11:02 AM UTC | Planetary Science
The planetary science community argues back and forth about when Venus was last habitable. Did it lose its oceans billions of years ago, or more recently? A new paper suggests that Venus has been a hellscape for its entire history. No oceans, ever. This result comes from the ratio of atmospheric chemicals and how quickly they're replenished by volcanic outgassing. On Earth, volcanic eruptions are mostly steam from interior water, but on Venus, they're 6% water at most.
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